Memory read stability enhancement with short segmented bit line architecture

ABSTRACT

In some embodiments, a semiconductor memory device includes an array of semiconductor memory cells arranged in rows and columns. The array includes a first segment of memory cells and a second segment of memory cells. A first pair of complementary local bit lines extend over the first segment of memory cells and is coupled to multiple memory cells along a first column within the first segment of memory cells. A second pair of complementary local bit lines extend over the second segment of memory cells and is coupled to multiple memory cells along the first column within the second segment of memory cells. A pair of switches is arranged between the first and second segments of memory cells. The pair of switches is configured to selectively couple the first pair of complementary local bit lines in series with the second pair of complementary local bit lines.

BACKGROUND

Semiconductor memory is an electronic data storage device, often used as computer memory and implemented on a semiconductor-based integrated circuit. Semiconductor memory is made in many different types and technologies. Semiconductor memory has much faster access times than other types of data storage technologies. For example, a byte of data can often be written to or read from semiconductor memory within a few nanoseconds, while access times for rotating storage such as hard disks is in the range of milliseconds. For these reasons, among others, semiconductor memory is used as a primary storage mechanism for computer memory to hold data the computer is currently working on, among other uses.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Aspects of the present disclosure are best understood from the following detailed description when read with the accompanying figures. It is noted that, in accordance with the standard practice in the industry, various features are not drawn to scale. In fact, the dimensions of the various features may be arbitrarily increased or reduced for clarity of discussion.

FIG. 1A illustrates a block diagram of a memory device that uses segmented bit lines according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 1B illustrates an example timing diagram of a memory device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an SRAM memory device that uses segmented bit lines according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 illustrates an SRAM memory cell in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 4 illustrates a block diagram of an SRAM memory device that uses segmented bit lines and fly bit lines according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5A illustrates some embodiments of a layout view of a memory device having segmented bit lines in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 5B illustrates some embodiments of a schematic view consistent with FIG. 5A's layout view.

FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a method of accessing a memory device in accordance with some embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following disclosure provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different features of the provided subject matter. Specific examples of components and arrangements are described below to simplify the present disclosure. These are, of course, merely examples and are not intended to be limiting. For example, the formation of a first feature over or on a second feature in the description that follows may include embodiments in which the first and second features are formed in direct contact, and may also include embodiments in which additional features may be formed between the first and second features, such that the first and second features may not be in direct contact. In addition, the present disclosure may repeat reference numerals and/or letters in the various examples. This repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity and does not in itself dictate a relationship between the various embodiments and/or configurations discussed.

Further, spatially relative terms, such as “beneath,” “below,” “lower,” “above,” “upper” and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. The spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. The apparatus may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein may likewise be interpreted accordingly.

Semiconductor memory devices include a plurality of memory cells arranged in a series of rows and columns. Wordlines extend along respective rows with respective wordlines being coupled to each memory cell along respective rows; and pairs of complementary bit lines extend along respective columns with respective pairs of complementary bit lines being coupled to each memory cell along respective columns. The wordlines allow access to the memory cells on a row-by-row basis, and the complementary bit lines allow data states to be written to or read from accessed memory cells on a column-by-column basis. To conserve chip area, the complementary bit lines often run parallel to one another and are separated from one another by only a small space. As technology improves and feature sizes become smaller, adjacent complementary bit lines are becoming more closely spaced. An appreciation in the present disclosure lies in the fact that this close spacing can result in significant amount of capacitance when long complementary bit lines extend continuously along an entire column of the array. This capacitive coupling between adjacent complementary bit lines can lead to slow read and write access times, and can lead to a significant degradation of signal noise margins in memories.

FIG. 1A illustrates a block diagram of some embodiments of a memory device 100. As will be appreciated in greater detail herein, within this memory device 100, switches 106 divide complementary bit line structures into upper and lower local bitlines to limit the amount of capacitance during read and write operations.

The memory device 100 includes an array 102 of memory cells 104 which are arranged in N rows and L columns, wherein the individual memory cells 104 are labeled as C_(COLUMN-ROW) for clarity in FIG. 1A. Along each row, a wordline is coupled to respective memory cells of the row. For example, in Row 1, wordline WL1 can be coupled to memory cells C_(1,1) through C_(L,1); in Row 2, wordline WL2 can be coupled to memory cells C_(1,2) though C_(L,2); and so on. Along each column, a pair of complementary bit line structures can be coupled to respective memory cells of the entire column. For example, complementary bit line structures BL₁, BL₁′ are coupled to each memory cell along Col. 1 (e.g., cells C_(1,1) through C_(1,N)); complementary bit line structures BL₂, BL₂′ are coupled to each memory cell along Col. 2 (e.g., cells C_(2,1) through C_(2,N)); and so on.

Switches 106 divide complementary bit line structures for each column into a first (e.g., upper) pair of local bit lines extending over a first segment 108 of the array 102, and a second (e.g., lower) pair of local bit lines extending over a second segment 110 of the array 102. The first segment 108 is made of a first group of contiguous memory cells, and a second segment 110 made of a second group of contiguous memory cells, which is separated from the first segment 108 by the switches 106 and is non-overlapping with the first segment 108. For example, in Col. 1, a first pair of switches 111 divide the complementary bit line structures BL₁, BL₁′ into a first pair of local bit lines (e.g., BLL₁₋₁, BLL_(1-1′)) and a second pair of local bit lines (e.g., BLL₁₋₂, BLL_(1-2′)). The first pair of switches 111 selectively couples and decouples the first pair of local bit lines (BLL₁₋₁, BLL_(1-1′)) in series with the second pair of local bit lines (BLL₁₋₂, BLL_(1-2′), respectively).

In the illustrated embodiment, the switches 106 are shown as being PMOS type transistors, and the upper and lower pairs of complementary local bit lines are coupled to source/drain regions of the PMOS transistors. The upper and lower pairs of complementary local bit lines are selectively coupled together based on whether a segment enable signal (SegENB) is asserted. Although the switches 106 are illustrated as being PMOS type transistors in FIG. 1A, in other embodiments the switches 106 can be NMOS type transistors, bipolar transistors, or other types of switching devices.

To carry out read and write operations, the memory device 100 includes an address decoder 112 and a controller 114. To perform a write operation, the memory device 100 receives an address signal (ADDR 120), which specifies an address within the array 102 where data is to be written to or read from, and a read/write signal (RWB 122), which specifies whether a write operation or a read operation is to be carried out. If the operation is a write operation (e.g., RWB=“0”), write data values (WDATA) are provided to the memory device 100 at a data interface 124, such as over a data bus or data port of the memory device 100. If the operation is a read operation (e.g., RWB=“1”), the memory device 100 provides read data values (RDATA) to the data interface 124. An example read operation and an example write operation are now discussed in more detail with regards to FIGS. 1A-1B concurrently.

For a write operation (see write operation 150, FIG. 1B), the read/write signal (RWB 122) is provided to the memory device 100 in a first state (e.g., logical “0”), along with an address specified in the ADDR signal 120, and along with write data values WDATA. Upon receiving these signals, the controller 114 “opens” the switches 106 (see time 152, FIG. 1B), thereby decoupling the upper local complementary bit lines (e.g., BLL₁₋₁, BLL₁₋₁′) from the lower local complementary bit lines (e.g., BLL₁₋₂, BLL₁₋₂′). The address decoder 112 and controller 114 can collectively enable a wordline that corresponds to the address specified in the ADDR signal 120 (see time 154, FIG. 1B). While the specified wordline signal is enabled, other wordline signals are typically disabled, ensuring only the relevant memory cells are accessed for writing. The controller 114 can then enable write circuitry 116 a or 116 b to apply respective differential biases to respective local complementary bit lines to write the input data values to the accessed memory cells at the specified address (see time 156, FIG. 1B). Because the write circuitry is divided between upper segment write circuitry 116 a and lower segment write circuitry 116 b, the controller 114 typically enables either the upper write circuitry 116 a or the lower write circuitry 116 b, but not both, to save power. For example, if a write data value of (“01011000”) is to be written to Row 1 in the first segment 108, the controller 114 can assert wordline WL1 and instruct the upper column write circuit 116 a to apply a first differential bias to bit lines of columns where a “0” is to be written (e.g., Cols. 1, 3, and 6-8) and to apply a second, different differential bias to bit lines of columns where a “1” is to be written (e.g., Cols. 2, 4, and 5). The lower column write circuit 116 b can remain off during this time, as the write operation does not pertain to the second segment 110.

By “opening” the switches 106 during this write operation 150 (which occurs when SegENB transitions to logical “1” at time 152, FIG. 1B) while the upper write circuitry 116 a applies differential biases to the upper local complementary bit lines and while the lower local complementary bit lines remain substantially unbiased, faster write accesses can be achieved. This is because the switches 106 leave the lower local complementary bit lines decoupled from the upper local complementary bit lines during the write access, such that the capacitance seen by the upper write circuitry 116 a is reduced compared to if the switches 106 were not present and if the complementary bit lines were continuously coupled to every cell along an entire column (e.g., from C_(1,1), to C1_(,N) for Col. 1). Thus, the architecture depicted in FIG. 1A where local complementary bit lines are isolated from one another along a column by switches 106 tends to improve write speed times because the time to establish the differential bias is proportional to the resistance of the bit lines multiplied by the capacitance of the bit lines. As the capacitance of the local complementary bit lines (e.g., BLL₁₋₁, BLL₁₋₁′) is less than that of the complementary bitline structures (e.g., BL₁, BL₁′), due to the shortened segments, the write access time is correspondingly reduced, equating to faster write operations.

For a read operation (see read window operation 160, FIG. 1B), the read/write signal (RWB 122) is provided to the memory device 100 in a second state (e.g., logical “1”), and controller 114 can “close” the switches 106 (which occurs when SegENB transitions to a logical “0” at time 162, FIG. 1B) to couple the upper and lower complementary local bit lines to one another. The local bit lines are then floated, often being pre-charged to a voltage level that is between a logical “0” state and a logical “1” state. The address decoder 112 and controller 114 then collectively enable a wordline that corresponds to the address specified to be read from in the ADDR signal 120 (see time 164, FIG. 1B). The accessed cells along the wordline then leak charge onto one of the bit lines or drive a differential bias onto the pair of complementary bit lines, causing a differential bias to be established on each of the complementary bit line pairs. For example, if cell C₁₋₁ stores a logical “1” value and C₂₋₁ stores a logical “0” value, assertion of wordline WL1 can lead to a first differential bias on BL₁/BL₁′ (corresponding to a logical “1” which can be detected by Col. 1 read circuit in 118) and can concurrently lead to a second, different differential bias on BL₂/BL₂′ (corresponding to a logical “0” which can be detected by Col. 2 read circuit in 118). The biased bit lines are then coupled to the read circuitry 118, which typically includes a sense amplifier for each column. After the sense amplifiers detect the respective differential biases, the sense amplifiers then latch the corresponding data values and deliver the read data to the memory interface as output data values 124.

By providing only a single read circuit 118 for each column (rather than one read circuit for upper local bitlines and another separate read circuit for lower local bitlines), the memory architecture of FIG. 1A takes up a limited footprint and consumes less power. Thus, the switches 106 in this context not only allow faster write operations by providing segmented local bit lines with lower capacitance, but also offer good tradeoffs in that the memory device 100 can exhibit reduced power consumption and a smaller footprint than some other approaches.

It will be appreciated that although an example read operation has been described above with regards to FIG. 1A-1B, variations are contemplated as falling within the scope of this disclosure. For example, although the SegENB signal has been described as being asserted to close switches 106 and couple the upper and lower complementary local bit lines together before a wordline is asserted (see times 162, 164 in FIG. 1B), in other examples the wordline can be asserted before the SegENB signal couples the upper and lower complementary bit lines together. In other words, in this alternative approach, the SegENB signal can be asserted at a predetermined time after the wordline has been asserted. This alternative approach allows the accessed memory cells to leak charge or drive a differential bias onto shorter bit lines (e.g., solely the upper complementary bit lines rather than upper and lower complementary bit lines), which reduces the capacitance seen by the cells being read, and allows the differential bias to reach suitable voltage-levels more quickly.

In some embodiments, the time between assertion of the SegENB signal and the assertion of the wordline (difference between 162, 164, in FIG. 1B) can be programmable. Thus, SegENG signal may be a pulse which is provided to switches 106 in accordance with a programmable shape, a programmable duration, or a programmable timing, wherein a time as measured between an edge of the pulse and a neighboring edge of a wordline signal can have different values for different programmable shapes, different programmable durations, or different programmable timings of the pulse. This allows for tradeoffs to be made between capacitive loading and stability. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the controller 114 can include control registers 128 (or fuses, flash, EEPROM, or other data storage elements), which can receive control information 126, to facilitate different pulses and/or timings to be implemented. In some implementations, the pulses, durations, and/or timings can be selected from one of a pre-determined number of pulses, durations, and/or timings identified by different bit patterns of the control information 126.

FIG. 2 shows an embodiment where the memory device 100 of FIG. 1A is instantiated as a static random access memory (SRAM) device 200, made up of SRAM cells 300 arranged in columns and rows. The SRAM device 200 includes wordlines along respective rows, and complementary bitlines (e.g., BL₁, BL₁′) along respective columns (e.g., Col. 1). Switches 106 divide the complementary bitlines into upper complementary local bitlines (e.g., BLL₁₋₁, BLL₁₋₁′) and lower complementary local bitlines (e.g., BLL₁₋₂, BLL₁₋₂′). Wordlines are coupled to respective gates of access transistors for each SRAM cell along respective rows, and the upper and lower local complementary bitlines are coupled to complementary data storage nodes for each SRAM cell along respective columns.

FIG. 3 depicts an SRAM cell in more detail. The SRAM cell 300 includes first and second access transistors 302, 304 and a data storage element 306. The data storage element 306 is made up of a pair of cross coupled inverters 308, 310 that are arranged to establish first and second storage nodes SN, SN′. The first and second access transistors 302, 304 have their respective sources coupled to the first and second storage nodes SN, SN′, respectively, and have their respective drains coupled to first and second local complementary bit lines BLL, BLL′, respectively. Because the access transistors 302, 304 provide bi-directional current flow, it will be appreciated that the terms “source” and “drain” are somewhat arbitrary here and could be exchanged. A wordline WL is coupled to the respective gate terminals of the access transistors 302, 304, wherein the wordline WL is selectively asserted to selectively couple the first and second storage nodes SN, SN′ to the first and second local complementary bit lines BLL, BLL′, respectively.

Although FIGS. 2-3 depict an SRAM device, it will be appreciated that these concepts are also applicable to other memory architectures. In some embodiments, other architectures, such as flash memory or dynamic random access memory (DRAM) for example, can include a single-ended bit line for each column, as opposed to the complementary bit lines shown in FIG. 1A and FIG. 2. In other embodiments, such as a DRAM or flash memory architecture where the cell has only a single bit line and no complementary bit line, the single-ended bitline is coupled to each memory cell of a column and can be paired with a reference senseline that is coupled to a reference cell or some other reference potential.

FIG. 4 illustrates another embodiment that employs so-called “fly” bit lines 402 extending over at least some segments of the array 102. In FIG. 4's implementation, the array 102 includes first and second segments 108, 110 which contain non-overlapping memory cells and which span multiple columns of the array 102. A first plurality of complementary local bit lines (e.g., BLL₁₋₁, BLL₁₋₁′) extend over the first segment 108, and second plurality of complementary local bit lines (e.g., fly bit lines 402) extend over the second segment 110. A plurality of switches 106 is arranged between the first and second segments 108, 110 and is configured to selectively couple the first plurality of complementary local bit lines in series with the second plurality of complementary local bit lines, respectively. Whereas the second plurality of complementary local bitlines (e.g., lower complementary local bitlines BLL₁₋₂, BLL₁₋₂′) in FIGS. 1 and 2 were coupled to the memory cells of the second segment 110, the fly bit lines 402 carry signals from the first segment 108 to the read circuitry 118 without being coupled to the memory cells of the second segment 110. A third pair of complementary local bit lines (e.g., BLL₁₋₂, BLL₁₋₂′) extend over the second segment 110 and are coupled to multiple memory cells along respective columns of the second segment 110.

A first write circuit 116 a is coupled to the first plurality of complementary local bit lines (e.g., BLL₁₋₁, BLL₁₋₁′), and is configured to apply respective differential biases to the first plurality of complementary local bit lines to write data to the first segment 108. The first write circuit 116 a does not to write data to the second segment 110. A second write circuit 116 b is coupled to the third plurality of complementary bit lines (e.g., BLL₁₋₂, BLL₁₋₂′), and is configured to apply respective differential biases to the third plurality of complementary bit line pairs to write data to the second segment 110 but not to write data to the first segment 108.

Read circuitry 118 is configured to read data states from the first segment 108 over the first plurality of local complementary bit lines (e.g., BLL₁₋₂, BLL₁₋₂′) and over the fly bit lines 402. For example, during a read operation on the first segment 108, the SegENB can open the switches 106, and a wordline of the first segment 108 can then be asserted to leak or drive charge onto the first complementary local bitlines (e.g., BLL₁₋₁, BLL₁₋₁′). The SegENB signal can then be asserted to close the switches (with the WL still being asserted or having now been de-asserted), thereby passing the differential bias from the first plurality of local complementary bit lines (e.g., BLL₁₋₁, BLL₁₋₁′) to the fly bitlines 402. The read circuitry 118 can then sense the data states from the respective columns based on the differential biases present on the fly bitlines 402. Memory cells of the second segment 110 can be read from by asserting a wordline in the second segment 110 and then sensing the differential biases for the respective lower complementary local bitlines using the read circuitry 118. Thus, read accesses for the second segment 110 can be faster than for the first segment 108 in some embodiments.

In some embodiments, the fly bitlines 402 are disposed in a metal layer that resides at a height that is higher than that of the third plurality of complementary bit lines (e.g., BLL₁₋₂, BLL₁₋₂′). For example, the fly bitlines 402 can be disposed in a metal 2 layer, while the third plurality of complementary bitlines (e.g., BLL₁₋₂, BLL₁₋₂′) are disposed in a metal 1 layer, for example. Because the fly bitlines 402 are spaced further above the memory cells of the second segment 110 than the third plurality of complementary bit lines (e.g., BLL₁₋₂, BLL₁₋₂′), the fly bitlines 402 can offer a smaller capacitance and therefore faster read and write access times.

FIG. 5A illustrates a layout view depicting first and second SRAM cells 500A, 500B, while FIG. 5B depicts a corresponding schematic view. In some embodiments, the SRAM cells 500A, 500B can correspond to memory cells C_(1,M) and C_(1,M+1) in FIG. 1A. As shown in FIGS. 5A-5B, the SRAM memory cells 500A, 500B are each made up of a pair of access transistors 502, 504, which allow selective access to complementary data storage nodes SN, SN′ established by a pair of cross-coupled inverters. The cross-coupled inverters for each memory cell include two NMOS transistors 506, 508, and two PMOS transistors 510, 512. A first wordline WLM is coupled to gates of the access transistors for the first SRAM cell 502A, and a second wordline WLM+1 is coupled to gates of the access transistors for the second SRAM cell 502B. An upper pair of complementary local bitlines BLL₁₋₁, BLL₁₋₁′ extend over a first segment of memory cells which includes the first memory cell 500A, and a lower pair of complementary local bitlines BLL₁₋₂, BLL₁₋₂′ extend over a second segment of memory cells which includes the second memory cell 500B. Switches 106 couple the upper and lower complementary local bitlines to one another.

As shown in FIG. 5A, the NMOS transistors 502, 504, 506, and 508 are disposed on one or more n-type active regions 520, 522; while the PMOS transistors 510, 512 are disposed on one or more p-type active regions 524, 526. At least one of the switches 106 can have an active region layout that geometrically matches an active region layout of at least one memory cell 500A or 500B in the first or second segment, wherein the active regions are doped regions disposed in a semiconductor substrate. At least one of the switches also has a polysilicon gate or metal gate layout that geometrically matches a polysilicon gate or metal gate layout of the at least one memory cell. For example, in FIG. 5A, switches 106 have p-type active region layouts 528, 530 that each have the same geometrical shape as the active region layouts 524, 526 for PMOS transistors 510, 512, respectively; and switches 106 also have gates 532, 534 that are the same length as those of the PMOS transistors 510, 512, respectively.

With reference to FIG. 6, a flowchart of some embodiments of a method 600 for accessing a memory with local bitlines is provided.

At 602, a memory device is provided. The memory device has a first segment of memory cells with upper local bitlines, and a second segment of memory cells with lower local bitlines. Switches can selectively couple and decouple the upper and lower bitlines to and from one another. The upper local bitlines extend over respective columns of the first segment, and the lower local bitlines extend over respective columns of the second segment. In some embodiments, the upper and lower local bitlines are disposed on the same metal layer (e.g., both upper and lower local bitlines are disposed in metal 1), while in other embodiments the upper and local bitlines can be disposed on different metal layers having different heights over a semiconductor substrate.

At 604, the method determines whether a read or write operation is to be carried out. This can be achieved, for example, by analyzing a read/write signal such as RWB signal 122 described in FIG. 1A-1B.

If a write is to be carried out (“write” at 604), at 606, the upper local bitlines are decoupled from lower local bitlines. This can be achieved, for example, by providing a segment enable signal, such as SegENB=“1” as described in FIGS. 1A-1B.

At 608, a wordline for a row within the upper or lower segment of memory cells is asserted to access corresponding memory cells. This can be achieved, for example, by providing one or more wordline signals, such as WL1 through WLN described in FIGS. 1A-1B.

At 610, a differential bias is applied to upper or lower local bitlines to write data values to accessed memory cells. This can be achieved, for example, by providing using write circuitry, such as upper and/or lower write circuitry 116 a, 116 b as described in FIGS. 1A-1B.

If a read is to be carried out (“read” at 604), at 612, the upper local bitlines are coupled to lower local bitlines. This can be achieved, for example, by providing a segment enable signal, such as SegENB=“0” as described in FIGS. 1A-1B.

At 614, a wordline for a row within an upper or lower segment of memory cells is asserted to access corresponding memory cells. This can be achieved, for example, by providing one or more wordline signals, such as WL1 through WLN described in FIGS. 1A-1B.

At 616, the accessed memory cells establish differential biases on upper and/or lower local bitlines, and read circuit senses read data values corresponding to data previously stored in the accessed memory cells. This can be achieved, for example, by providing using read circuitry, such as read circuitry 118 as described in FIGS. 1A-1B.

While the disclosed method 600 (and other illustrated and un-illustrated methods disclosed herein) are illustrated and described herein as a series of acts or events, it will be appreciated that the illustrated ordering of such acts or events are not to be interpreted in a limiting sense. For example, some acts may occur in different orders and/or concurrently with other acts or events apart from those illustrated and/or described herein. Further, not all illustrated acts may be required to implement one or more aspects or embodiments of the description herein, and one or more of the acts depicted herein may be carried out in one or more separate acts and/or phases.

In some embodiments, a semiconductor memory device includes an array of semiconductor memory cells arranged in rows and columns. The array includes a first segment of memory cells and a second segment of memory cells. A first pair of complementary local bit lines extend over the first segment of memory cells and is coupled to multiple memory cells along a first column within the first segment of memory cells. A second pair of complementary local bit lines extend over the second segment of memory cells and is coupled to multiple memory cells along the first column within the second segment of memory cells. A pair of switches is arranged between the first and second segments of memory cells. The pair of switches is configured to selectively couple the first pair of complementary local bit lines in series with the second pair of complementary local bit lines.

In other embodiments, the present disclosure relates to a semiconductor memory device including an array of semiconductor memory cells arranged in rows and columns. The array includes first and second segments of non-overlapping memory cells which span multiple columns of the array. A first plurality of complementary local bit line pairs extend over the first segment of memory cells. A second plurality of complementary local bit line pairs extend over the second segment of memory cells. A plurality of switches is arranged between the first and second segments of memory cells and is configured to selectively couple the first plurality of local complementary bit line pairs in series with the second plurality of local complementary bit line pairs, respectively. A first write circuit is coupled to the first plurality of local complementary bit line pairs. The first write circuit is configured to apply respective differential biases to the first plurality of local complementary bit line pairs to write data to the first segment of memory cells but not to write data to the second segment of memory cells.

In yet another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a static random access memory (SRAM) device including an array of SRAM cells. The array includes a first segment of SRAM cells and a second segment of SRAM cells, the first and second segments being non-overlapping with one another. A first plurality of complementary bit line pairs extend over the first segment of SRAM cells. A second plurality of complementary bit line pairs extend over the second segment of SRAM cells. A plurality of switches are arranged between the first and second segments of SRAM cells and couple the first plurality of complementary bit lines pairs in series with the second plurality of complementary bit line pairs, respectively. A first write circuit is coupled to the first plurality of complementary bit line pairs, and is configured to apply respective differential biases to the first plurality of complementary bit line pairs to write data to the first segment of SRAM cells but not write data to the second segment of SRAM cells.

It will be appreciated that in this written description, as well as in the claims below, the terms “first”, “second”, “second”, “third” etc. are merely generic identifiers used for ease of description to distinguish between different elements of a figure or a series of figures. In and of themselves, these terms do not imply any temporal ordering or structural proximity for these elements, and are not intended to be descriptive of corresponding elements in different illustrated embodiments and/or un-illustrated embodiments. For example, “a first dielectric layer” described in connection with a first figure may not necessarily correspond to a “first dielectric layer” described in connection with a second figure (e.g., and may even correspond to a “second dielectric layer” in the second figure), and may not necessarily correspond to a “first dielectric layer” in an un-illustrated embodiment.

The foregoing outlines features of several embodiments so that those skilled in the art may better understand the aspects of the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art should appreciate that they may readily use the present disclosure as a basis for designing or modifying other processes and structures for carrying out the same purposes and/or achieving the same advantages of the embodiments introduced herein. Those skilled in the art should also realize that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and that they may make various changes, substitutions, and alterations herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A semiconductor memory device comprising: an array of semiconductor memory cells arranged in rows and columns, wherein the array includes a first segment of memory cells and a second segment of memory cells, each memory cell including a pair of access transistors that are coupled to a data storage element of the memory cell; a first pair of complementary local bit lines extending over the first segment of memory cells and coupled directly to source/drain regions of multiple access transistors of multiple memory cells along a first column within the first segment of memory cells; a second pair of complementary local bit lines extending over the second segment of memory cells and coupled directly to source/drain regions of multiple access transistors of multiple memory cells along the first column within the second segment of memory cells; a third pair of complementary local bit lines extending over the first column and over the second segment of memory cells and isolated from the memory cells of the second segment; and a pair of switches arranged between the first and second segments of memory cells and configured to selectively couple the first pair of complementary local bit lines in series with the third pair of complementary local bit lines.
 2. The semiconductor memory device of claim 1, further comprising: read circuitry configured to read data states from the first segment of memory cells, the read circuitry being coupled to the first pair of complementary local bit lines through the third pair of complementary local bit lines and through the pair of switches.
 3. The semiconductor memory device of claim 2, wherein the read circuitry is further configured to read data states from the second segment of memory cells, the read circuitry being coupled directly to the third pair of complementary local bit lines.
 4. The semiconductor memory device of claim 3 further comprising: a first write circuit coupled to the first pair of complementary local bit lines, and configured to apply differential biases to the first pair of complementary local bit lines to write data to the first segment of memory cells; and a second write circuit coupled to the second pair of complementary local bit lines, and configured to apply differential biases to the second pair of complementary local bit lines to write data to the second segment of memory cells.
 5. The semiconductor memory device of claim 1, wherein at least one switch of the pair of switches has an active region layout that geometrically matches an active region layout of at least one memory cell in the first or second segment, and wherein the at least one switch has a polysilicon gate or metal gate layout that geometrically matches a polysilicon gate or metal gate layout of the at least one memory cell.
 6. The semiconductor memory device of claim 1, further comprising a memory controller configured to apply a pulse to the pair of switches in accordance with a programmable shape, a programmable duration, or a programmable timing, and wherein a time as measured between an edge of the pulse and a neighboring edge of a wordline signal can have different values for different programmable shapes, different programmable durations, or different programmable timings of the pulse.
 7. The semiconductor memory device of claim 1, wherein the first pair of complementary local bit lines and the second pair of complementary local bit lines are arranged in the same metal interconnect layer as one another.
 8. The semiconductor memory device of claim 1, wherein a first switch of the pair of switches couples a first local bit line of the first pair of complementary local bit lines directly to a first local bit line of the second pair of complementary local bit lines, and wherein a second switch of the pair of switches couples a second local bit line of the first pair of complementary local bit lines directly to a second local bit line of the second pair of complementary local bit lines.
 9. The semiconductor memory device of claim 1, further comprising: a memory controller configured to apply a pulse to the switches in accordance with a programmable shape, a programmable duration, or a programmable timing, and wherein a time as measured between an edge of the pulse and a neighboring edge of a wordline signal can have different values for different programmable shapes, different programmable durations, or different programmable timings of the pulse.
 10. A semiconductor memory device comprising: an array of semiconductor memory cells arranged in rows and columns, the array including first and second segments of non-overlapping memory cells which span multiple columns of the array; a first plurality of local complementary bit line pairs extending over the first segment of memory cells; a second plurality of local complementary bit line pairs extending over the second segment of memory cells; a plurality of switches arranged between the first and second segments of memory cells and being configured to selectively couple the first plurality of local complementary bit line pairs in series with the second plurality of local complementary bit line pairs, respectively; a first write circuit coupled to the first plurality of local complementary bit line pairs, and configured to apply respective differential biases to the first plurality of local complementary bit line pairs to write data to the first segment of memory cells but not to write data to the second segment of memory cells; and a sense amp configured to read data states from the first segment of memory cells through the first plurality of local complementary bit line pairs and through the second plurality of local complementary bit line pairs, and further configured to read data states from the second segment of memory cells over the second plurality of local complementary bit line pairs but not through the first plurality of local complementary bit line pairs.
 11. The semiconductor memory device of claim 10, further comprising a second write circuit coupled to the second plurality of local complementary bit line pairs, and configured to apply respective differential biases to the second plurality of local complementary bit line pairs to write data to the second segment of memory cells but not to write data to the first segment of memory cells.
 12. The semiconductor memory device of claim 10, further comprising a memory controller configured to apply a pulse to the switches in accordance with a programmable shape, a programmable duration, or a programmable timing, and wherein a time as measured between an edge of the pulse and a neighboring edge of a wordline signal can have different values for different programmable shapes, different programmable durations, or different programmable timings of the pulse.
 13. The semiconductor memory device of claim 10, wherein at least one switch of the plurality of switches has an active region layout that geometrically matches an active region layout of at least one semiconductor memory cell in the first or second segment, and wherein the at least one switch has a polysilicon gate or metal gate layout that geometrically matches a polysilicon gate or metal gate layout of the at least one semiconductor memory cell.
 14. A static random access memory (SRAM) device, comprising: an array of SRAM cells which includes a first segment of SRAM cells and a second segment of SRAM cells, the first and second segments being non-overlapping with one another; a first plurality of complementary bit line pairs extending over a column of SRAM cells and over the first segment of SRAM cells; a second plurality of complementary bit line pairs extending over the column of SRAM cells and over the second segment of SRAM cells; a third plurality of complementary bit line pairs extending over the column of SRAM cells and over the second segment of SRAM cells, the third plurality of complementary bit line pairs coupled to multiple SRAM cells along the column of the second segment and isolated from the first and second pluralities of complementary bit line pairs; a plurality of switches between the first and second segments of SRAM cells and coupling the first plurality of complementary bit lines pairs in series with the second plurality of complementary bit line pairs, respectively; a first write circuit coupled to the first plurality of complementary bit line pairs, and configured to apply respective differential biases to the first plurality of complementary bit line pairs to write data to the first segment of SRAM cells but not write data to the second segment of SRAM cells; and a sense amp configured to read data states from the second segment of SRAM cells over the third plurality of complementary bit line pairs, and further configured to read data states from the first segment of SRAM cells through the first plurality of complementary bit line pairs and through the second plurality of complementary bit line pairs.
 15. The SRAM device of claim 14, further comprising: a second write circuit coupled to the third plurality of complementary bit line pairs, and configured to apply respective differential biases to the third plurality of complementary bit line pairs to write data to the second segment of SRAM cells but not write data to the first segment of SRAM cells.
 16. The SRAM device of claim 14, wherein the sense amp is coupled to the first plurality of complementary bit lines through the second plurality of complementary bit lines and through the plurality of switches.
 17. The SRAM device of claim 14, wherein the second plurality of complementary bit lines extend over the second segment of SRAM cells without being coupled to memory cells of the second segment of SRAM cells.
 18. The SRAM device of claim 14, wherein the second plurality of complementary bit line pairs are arranged in a first metal interconnect layer, and the third plurality of complementary bit line pairs are arranged in a second metal interconnect layer arranged over the first metal interconnect layer.
 19. The SRAM device of claim 14, wherein the first plurality of complementary bit line pairs and the second plurality of complementary bit line pairs are arranged in the same metal interconnect layer as one another.
 20. The SRAM device of claim 14, further comprising: a memory controller configured to apply a pulse to the switches in accordance with a programmable shape, a programmable duration, or a programmable timing, and wherein a time as measured between an edge of the pulse and a neighboring edge of a wordline signal can have different values for different programmable shapes, different programmable durations, or different programmable timings of the pulse. 